Microsoft recently released the OneDrive for Business Next Generation Sync Client.
You can find more info about the deployment here:
https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Deploying-the-OneDrive-for-Business-Next-Generation-Sync-Client-in-an-enterprise-environment-3f3a511c-30c6-404a-98bf-76f95c519668
The client only installs within the current user account. The setup will need to be run once per each user account on the machine. This might be tricky, while most of the time, users are not local admin on their machine.
I used powershell to get around this problem. the following command doesn’t need elevation to install the client:
start-process -filepath ‘.\onedrivesetup.exe’ -argumentlist “/peruser /childprocess /cusid:$cusid /silent” –wait
$cusid is the current user sid. You can retrieve it like this:
$cusid = Get-WmiObject win32_useraccount -Filter “name = ‘$env:username’ AND domain = ‘data'” | select sid